Igama leMathiriyeli: I-Polyamide, inayiloni (PA)
Imvelaphi kunye neempawu
I-Polyamides, eyaziwa ngokuba yiNylon, enegama lesiNgesi lePolyamide (PA) kunye noxinaniso lwe-1.15g / cm3, ziintlazi ze-thermoplastic kunye neqela le-amide eliphindaphindiweyo -- [NHCO] - kwikhonkco eliphambili le-molecular, kuquka i-aliphatic PA, i-aliphatic PA kunye PA nevumba elimnandi.
Iindidi ze-Aliphatic ze-PA zininzi, zinesivuno esikhulu kunye nesicelo esibanzi.Igama layo lichongwa linani elithile le-athomu ye-carbon kwi-monomer yokwenziwa.Yasungulwa ngusokhemisti odumileyo waseMelika uCarothers kunye neqela lakhe lophando lwezenzululwazi.
Inayiloni ligama lepolyamide fiber (polyamide), enokwenziwa ibe yimicu emide okanye emifutshane.Inayiloni ligama lokurhweba le-polyamide fiber, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiNayiloni.I-Polyamide (PA) yi-aliphatic Polyamide edityaniswa kunye yi-amide bond [NHCO].
Ulwakhiwo lweMolekyuli
Imicu yenayiloni eqhelekileyo inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini.
Iklasi ye-polyhexylenediamine adipate ifunyenwe ngokuxiliswa kwe-diamine kunye ne-diacid.Ifomula yolwakhiwo lwekhemikhali yemolekyuli yayo ende yekhonkco ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:H-[HN(CH2)XNHCO(CH2)YCO]-OH
Ubunzima be-molecular yolu hlobo lwe-polyamide ngokuqhelekileyo yi-17000-23000.
Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-polyamide zinokufumaneka ngokwenani lee-athom zekhabhoni ze-amines zokubini kunye ne-diacids ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ziyakwazi ukwahlula ngenani elidityanisiweyo kwi-polyamide, apho inani lokuqala linani le-athom ye-carbon ye-amines yokubini, kwaye okwesibini inani linani leeathom zekhabhoni ze-diacids.Ngokomzekelo, i-polyamide 66 ibonisa ukuba yenziwe nge-polycondensation ye-hexylenediamine kunye ne-adipic acid.Inayiloni 610 ibonisa ukuba yenziwe kwi-hexylenediamine kunye ne-sebacic acid.
Enye ifunyenwe nge-caprolactam polycondensation okanye i-polymerization yokuvula i-ring.Ifomula yolwakhiwo lwekhemikhali yeemolekyuli zayo ezinde zemixokelelwane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:H-[NH(CH2)XCO]-OH
Ngokwenani lee-athomu zekhabhoni kwisakhiwo seyunithi, amagama eentlobo ezahlukeneyo anokufumaneka.Ngokomzekelo, i-polyamide 6 ibonisa ukuba ifunyenwe nge-cyclo-polymerization ye-caprolactam equkethe i-athomu ye-carbon ye-6.
I-Polyamide 6, i-polyamide i-66 kunye nezinye ii-aliphatic polyamide fibers zonke ziqulunqwe ngama-macromolecules ahambelanayo kunye neebhondi ze-amide (-NHCO-).Iimolekyuli zefiber yePolyamide zine -CO-, -NH- amaqela, angenza iibhondi ze-hydrogen kwiimolekyuli okanye iimolekyuli, zinokudityaniswa nezinye iiamolekyu, ngoko ke i-polyamide fiber hygroscopic isakhono ingcono, kwaye inokwenza i-crystal structure engcono.
Ngenxa yokuba i-CH2-(methylene) kwi-polyamide molecule inokuvelisa kuphela amandla abuthathaka e-van der Waals, i-curl ye-molecular chain ye-segment ye-CH2-segment inkulu.Ngenxa yenani elihlukeneyo le-CH2- yanamhlanje, iifom ze-bonding ze-inter-molecular hydrogen bond azifani ngokupheleleyo, kwaye amathuba okuba i-molecular crimping nayo yahluke.Ukongeza, ezinye iimolekyuli ze-polyamide zine-directivity.I-orientation ye-molecule iyahluka, kwaye iipropati zesakhiwo se-fibers azifani ncam.
Ulwakhiwo lweMorphological kunye neSicelo
Ifiber ye-polyamide efunyenwe ngokunyibilika kwendlela yokusonta inecandelo lomnqamlezo ojikelezayo kwaye akukho sakhiwo esikhethekileyo se-longitudinal.I-filamentous fibrillar tissue ingabonwa phantsi kwe-electron microscope, kunye nobubanzi be-fibril ye-polyamide 66 malunga ne-10-15nm.Umzekelo, i-polyamide fibre ene-spinneret enemilo ekhethekileyo inokwenziwa ibe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo anokwakheka okukhethekileyo, njengepolygonal, igqabi elibunjwe ngamagqabi, eligongqo njalo njalo.Isakhiwo sayo sombuso esigxininisekileyo sihambelana ngokusondeleyo nokwelula kunye nokushisa unyango ngexesha lokujikeleza.
I-macromolecular backbone ye-polyamide fibers eyahlukeneyo yenziwe nge-carbon kunye ne-athomu ye-nitrogen.
Ifayibha emile okweprofayili inokutshintsha i-elasticity yefayibha, yenza ifayibha ibe ne-luster ekhethekileyo kunye nepropathi yokukhukhumala, iphucule ipropathi yokubamba ifayibha kunye nokukwazi ukugquma, ukuxhathisa iipilisi, ukunciphisa umbane ongatshintshiyo njalo njalo.Njengefiber engunxantathu ine-flash effect;Ifiber enamagqabi amahlanu iyabengezela kukukhanya kwamafutha, ukuva kakuhle kwesandla kunye nokuchasana nokupiliswa;I-fiber engenanto ngenxa yesigxina sangaphakathi, ubuninzi obuncinci, ukugcinwa kakuhle kobushushu.
I-Polyamide ineempawu ezintle ezibanzi, ezibandakanya iipropathi zoomatshini, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nobushushu, ukuxhathisa imichiza kunye nokuzithambisa, i-coefficient ephantsi ye-friction, i-flame retardant ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ukusetyenzwa lula, kwaye ilungele ukulungiswa okuqinisiweyo ngefiber yeglasi kunye nezinye izihluzi, ukuze ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokwandisa uluhlu lwezicelo.
I-Polyamide ineendidi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka i-PA6, i-PA66, i-PAll, i-PA12, i-PA46, i-PA610, i-PA612, i-PA1010, njl., kunye ne-semi-aromatic PA6T kunye neyiloni ekhethekileyo ephuhliswe kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-14-2022