Igama leMathiriyeli: Polyester
Imvelaphi kunye neempawu
I-polyester fiber, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "polyester".Yifiber eyenziwe ngokujikeleza i-polyester eyenziwe kwi-polycondensation ye-organic diacid kunye ne-diol, emfutshane kwi-PET fiber, eyeyekhompawundi ephezulu ye-molecular.Yaqanjwa ngo-1941, ngoku lolona didi lukhulu lwefiber eyenziweyo.Olona ncedo lukhulu lwefiber yepolyester kukuxhathisa imibimbi kunye nokugcinwa kwemilo kuhle kakhulu, kunamandla aphezulu kunye nokukwazi ukuphinda ubuyele.Iqinile, ichasene nemibimbi kwaye ayina-ayina, iinwele ezingancangathi.
Ifiber yePolyester (PET) luhlobo lwefiber eyenziweyo eyenziwe ngamatyathanga ahlukeneyo ekhonkco le-macromolecular elidityaniswe liqela le-ester kwaye lisontelwe kwipolymer yefiber.E-China, iifayibha eziqulethe ngaphezu kwe-85% ye-polyethylene terephthalate zibizwa ngokuba yi-polyester ngokufutshane.Maninzi amagama eemveliso zamazwe ngamazwe, ezifana neDacron yaseUnited States, iTetoron yaseJapan, iTerlenka yaseUnited Kingdom, iLavsan yangaphambili yeSoviet Union, njl.
Kwangowe-1894, iVorlander yenza iipolyester ezinobunzima obuphantsi bemolekyuli nge-succinyl chloride kunye ne-ethylene glycol.I-Einkorn yenziwe i-polycarbonate ngo-1898;I-Carothers synthetic aliphatic polyester: I-polyester eyenziwe kwiminyaka yokuqala ininzi ye-aliphatic compound, ubunzima bayo be-molecular kunye nendawo yokunyibilika iphantsi, kulula ukuyinyibilika emanzini, ngoko ayinayo ixabiso le-textile fiber.Kwi-1941, u-Whinfield kunye noDickson eBrithani badibanisa i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) esuka kwi-dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) kunye ne-ethylene glycol (EG), i-polymer engasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iifayibha ezineempawu ezintle kakhulu ngokujikeleza.Ngo-1953, iUnited States yaqala ukuseka umzi-mveliso wokuvelisa i-PET fiber, ngoko ke, i-PET fiber luhlobo lwefiber ephuhliswe kade phakathi kweentsinga ezinkulu zokwenziwa.
Ngophuhliso lwe-organic synthesis, isayensi yepolymer kunye neshishini, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeefiber ze-PET ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphuhliswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Okufana ne-polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) ifayibha kunye ne-polypropylene-terephthalate (PTT) ifayibha ene-high stretch elasticity, i-polyester fiber enevumba elimnandi kunye ne-ultra-high and high modulus, njl. njl. i-polyethylene terephthalate fiber.
Indawo yosetyenziso
Ifayibha yePolyester inothotho lweempawu ezigqwesileyo, ezinje ngokuqina okuphezulu kunye ne-elastic modulus, ukomelela okuphakathi, isiphumo esihle sokuseta ubushushu, ubushushu obuhle kunye nokumelana nokukhanya.Indawo yokunyibilikisa ifayibha yePolyester yi-255 ℃ okanye ke, iqondo lobushushu beglasi elimalunga ne-70 ℃, kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zokusetyenziswa kokuphela, imilo ezinzileyo, ukuhlamba ilaphu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, ukongeza, ikwanokuthintela okugqwesileyo (okufana nokuchasa isinyibilikisi sezinto eziphilayo. Isepha, isepha, isicoci, isisombululo sebleach, i-oxidant) kunye nokunganyangeki kakuhle kwe-corrosion, i-asidi ebuthathaka, i-alkali, enjengozinzo, ngoko inosetyenziso olubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso.Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lepetroleum, kunye nemveliso yefiber yepolyester ukubonelela ngezinto ezininzi kwaye zingabizi kakhulu, ezidityaniswe nemichiza, oomatshini, itekhnoloji yolawulo lombane kwiminyaka yakutshanje uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji, njengesixhobo sokuvelisa, ukwenza ifayibha. kunye nenkqubo yomatshini ngokuthe ngcembe ifezekisa uluhlu olufutshane, oluqhubekayo, isantya esiphezulu kunye ne-automation, i-polyester fiber ibe sesona santya sikhula ngokukhawuleza, iindidi ezivelisa kakhulu ze-synthetic fiber.Ngo-2010, imveliso yefayibha yepolyester yehlabathi ifikelele kwi-37.3 yezigidi zeetoni, ibalelwa kwi-74% yemveliso yehlabathi ye-synthetic fiber.
Iipropati Zomzimba
1) Umbala.Ipolyester ngokubanzi i-opalescent ene-mercerization.Ukuvelisa iimveliso ze-matte, yongeza i-matte TiO2 ngaphambi kokujikeleza;ukuvelisa iimveliso ezimhlophe ezicocekileyo, yongeza i-agent emhlophe;ukuvelisa isilika enemibala, yongeza i-pigment okanye idayi kwi-spinning melt.
2) Imilo yecandelo lomphezulu kunye nomnqamlezo.Umphezulu wepolyester yesiqhelo ugudile kwaye icandelo lomnqamlezo liphantse lingqukuva.Ngokomzekelo, i-fiber enecandelo elikhethekileyo, njenge-triangular, i-Y-shaped, i-hollow kunye ne-silk yecandelo elikhethekileyo, inokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-spinneret ekhethekileyo.
3) Ubuninzi.Xa i-polyester i-amorphous ngokupheleleyo, ukuxinwa kwayo yi-1.333g / cm3.1.455g/cm3 xa ikhazimliswe ngokupheleleyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-polyester ine-crystallinity ephezulu kunye nobuninzi be-1.38 ~ 1.40g / cm3, efana noboya (1.32g / cm3).
4) Ukufuma kwakhona izinga.Ukubuyiselwa kokufuma kwepolyester kwimeko esemgangathweni yi-0.4%, engaphantsi kune-acrylic (1% ~ 2%) kunye ne-polyamide (4%).I-polyester ine-hygroscopicity ephantsi, ngoko amandla ayo amanzi ayancipha ngaphantsi, kwaye ilaphu liyahlambeka;Kodwa imeko yombane omileyo inzulu xa kusetyenzwa kwaye kunxitywa, ukuphefumla kwelaphu kunye ne-hygroscopicity ayilunganga.
5) Ukusebenza kwe-thermal.I-softening point T ye-polyester yi-230-240℃, i-melting point Tm yi-255-265 ℃, kunye ne-point decomposition point T imalunga ne-300℃.I-polyester inokutshisa emlilweni, igobe kwaye inyibilike ibe ngamaso, kunye nomsi omnyama kunye nevumba.
6) Ukuchasa ukukhanya.Ukumelana nokukhanya kwayo kukwesibini kuphela kwifiber ye-acrylic.Ukumelana nokukhanya kwe-dacron kuhambelana nesakhiwo sayo se-molecular.I-Dacron kuphela ibhendi eyomeleleyo yokufunxa kwindawo yokukhanya ye-315nm, ngoko amandla ayo alahlekelwa yi-60% kuphela emva kwe-600h yokuvezwa kwelanga, efana nekotoni.
7) Ukusebenza kombane.I-Polyester ine-conductivity ephantsi ngenxa ye-hygroscopicity ephantsi, kunye ne-dielectric engaguqukiyo kuluhlu lwe -100 ~ + 160 ℃ yi-3.0 ~ 3.8, iyenza ibe yi-insulator egqwesileyo.
Iipropati zoomatshini
1) Ukuqina okuphezulu.Amandla omileyo ayeyi-4 ~ 7cN / DEX, ngelixa amandla amanzi ehla.
2) Ubude obuphakathi, 20% ~ 50%.
3) Imodyuli ephezulu.Phakathi kweentlobo ezininzi zeentsinga zokwenziwa, i-modulus yokuqala ye-polyester iyona nto iphakamileyo, enokufikelela kwi-14 ~ 17GPa, eyenza ilaphu le-polyester lizinzile ngobukhulu, lingaguqukiyo, lingaguqukiyo kwaye lihlala lihlala kwi-pleating.
4) Ukomelela kakuhle.Ukunwebeka kwayo kusondele kobo boya, kwaye xa yandiswa nge-5%, iphantse yachacha ngokupheleleyo emva kokucinywa komthwalo.Ke ngoko, ukuxhathisa imibimbi kwelaphu lepolyester kungcono kunokwamanye amalaphu efiber.
5) Ukugqoka ukuxhathisa.Ukumelana kwayo nokunxiba kukwesibini kuphela kwinayiloni, kwaye ngaphezulu kunezinye iifayibha zokwenziwa, ukumelana nokunxiba kuphantse kufane.
Uzinzo lweMichiza
Ukuzinza kweekhemikhali zepolyester ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo sayo se-molecular chain.I-polyester inokumelana kakuhle nezinye ii-reagents ngaphandle kokunganyangeki kwayo kwealkali.
Ukumelana ne-Acid.I-Dacron izinzile kakhulu kwi-acids (ingakumbi i-acids ye-organic) kwaye ifakwe kwisisombululo se-hydrochloric acid kunye neqhekeza elikhulu le-5% kwi-100 ℃.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-14-2022